How can the various forms of dystonia occur? Listen to the MP3 Audio here: Change your mindset, change the game by Dr. Alia Crum at TEDxTraverseCity Dr. Alia Crum - Assistant Professor of Psychology; Stanford University So today, I'm going to Dr. Alia Crum: Change Your Mindset . PLOS Biology provides an Open Access platform to showcase your best research and commentary across all areas of biological science. Two rare skin disorders are examined, including harlequin ichthyosis (HI), a condition characterized by hard, scale-like skin that reproduces at an accelerated rate; and epidermolysis bullosa (EB), which causes the skin to be very fragile. CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai, China, Extraordinary Humans - VideoNeat primary visual cortex. The strength of the pull was registered by an electronic scale placed on the shelf and attached to a rope connecting the handle and the weight. capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry; FDR, How many muscles did the video says the body uses just to take a single step? As a cutoff for a minimal level of expression of the analyzed genes, we selected the 5% quintile of all gene nonzero expression levels in all samples. Each circle represents an individual sample colored according to species. Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. Studies demonstrating a connection between aerobic exercise and cognitive performance in humans of different age indicate that these two organs might be metabolically related [21]. Based on the gene expression measurements of the 120 tissue samples we searched for genes showing expression profiles specific to a particular tissue and specific to a particular species in a given tissue. In order to identify metabolite peaks with concentration levels altered by postmortem delay, we quantified the differences in peak concentration levels in each tissue between the macaque samples from individuals living in control conditions collected with 4- and 6-hour postmortem delay (n=2) and macaque samples from individuals living in control conditions collected with less than 15 min postmortem delay (n=17). Performed the experiments: YW ZY JC MT JB RP. Nicotinamide Riboside Augments the Aged Human Skeletal Muscle NAD + Metabolome and Induces Transcriptomic and Anti-inflammatory Signatures Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is modulated by conditions of metabolic stress and has been reported to decline with aging in preclinical models, but human data are sparse. Based on shared metabolites, these pathways could be further grouped into functional units. Peripheral vision turns into tunnel vision to minimize distractions. The error bars show 0.05 and 0.95 quintiles of the significant peak number distributions calculated by randomly sampling six human or six chimpanzee individuals 1,000 times. BRAINS PLUS BRAWN | Edge.org Among them, 13 clusters were sufficiently large, i.e., cumulatively contained more than 90% of all clustered peaks, and were used in further analysis. By contrast, all tested nonhuman primates were raised in captivity and were never subjected to physical training. The Table lists: pathways names and IDs, pathway p-Values, numbers of pathway metabolites showing human-specific concentration profiles, numbers of enzymes showing human-specific expression, numbers of enzymes showing human-specific expression and directly linked with metabolites showing human-specific concentration profiles, as well as p-Values indicating probabilities of finding equal or greater numbers of enzymes or linked enzymes in metabolites sets randomly sampled 100 times. The proportion of enzymes with the corresponding expression profile linked to the tested metabolite grouppathway (i) or cluster (ii)was compared with the proportion obtained in the sampling test. These metabolic changes could not be attributed to environmental conditions and were confirmed against the expression of their corresponding enzymes. Watch Human Body Collection - Extraordinary Humans: Muscles (s1 e7) Online - Watch online anytime: Buy, Rent. Embed this data in a secure (HTTPS) page: Creative small effect of the short-term environmental changes on metabolite concentrations in macaque tissues indicates that the extraordinary human-specific metabolic divergence observed in skeletal muscle, PFC, and brain might reflect the phenotypic differences between humans and . Listen to a doctor explain the causes and treatment for a type of back pain called lordosis, Changes in the muscles of the head and neck, 17 Questions About Health and Wellness Answered, https://www.britannica.com/science/human-muscle-system, British Broadcasting Corporation - Muscles. The kidney samples were dissected from the renal cortex. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany, Affiliations Peaks showing concentration differences in the top or bottom 5% quintile of all peak differences between postmortem samples and control samples were excluded from further analyses in the respective tissue. While excess of human-specific metabolic divergence in brain or brain regions such as PFC might relate to cognitive functions unique to humans, the functional significance of extreme metabolic divergence of human skeletal muscle is less apparent. Skin (45 min.). The plot is based on the 4,698 metabolite peaks that showed significant concentration differences in any tissue in the three primate species (t-test, permutation p<0.01). In the link-based analysis (ii) we tested only the overrepresentation of enzymes showing corresponding expression profiles directly linked to the cluster metabolites or species-specific metabolites in KEGG annotation. However, the role of metabolic changes in species evolution is currently unknown. human muscle system, the muscles of the human body that work the skeletal system, that are under voluntary control, and that are concerned with movement, posture, and balance. [24]. The colors represent 13 metabolite clusters colored according to the tissue-specificity of the cluster concentration profiles: shades of red indicating brain-specific clusters, shades of blue: muscle-specific, and shades of green: kidney-specific clusters. To test the reliability of metabolite measurements further, a subset of samples from four individuals per species per tissue was measured using capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) as an alternative procedure. Side bending also is an important action of the cervical spine. In 2012, Lauren Kornacki, a 22-year-old woman in Glen Allen, Virginia, raised a BMW 525i off her father when the car toppled from a jack. Rows represent KEGG pathways enriched in the respective metabolites. All three act to ipsilaterally side bend the neck. Empty symbols represent trials measured using the apparatus built in the Leipzig primate center, filled symbols those measured using the apparatus built in Shanghai. Extraordinary People (2003 TV series) - Wikipedia (a) The total number of metabolite peaks measured in our datasets. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; PCA, Required fields not completed correctly. Daniel Lieberman's Edge Bio Page. extraordinary humans muscles transcript - tootles.co.zw Then, 0.5 ml of lysate was transferred to an Eppendorf tube containing 500 l chloroform and 200 l water. One of them is Jason Dunn, a 35 year old guy that lives with Dystonia, a rare disorder causing his brain to send faulty messages to his muscular system. Extraordinary Humans: Muscles | Kterrl's Favorites CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai, China, Affiliations Transcript. Discover the location and role of skeletal muscles in the human body. occipital frontalis: a muscle that is located on the forehead that is responsible for moving the scalp up and downward and moving the eyebrows up and down corrugator supercilli: the muscles. Indeed, several physiological features specific to humans imply possible metabolic adaptations. The total numbers of peaks and numbers of annotated peaks are indicated above the bars. For Nomads, eating leftovers from supermarkets and She has Spinal Muscle Atrophy, a condition that causes her muscles to wither away. The Zoo enclosures are large and contain objects imitating a natural chimpanzee environment, including climbing facilities. 31-year old Jason Dunn lives with Dystonia, a rare disease that causes his brain to send faulty messages to his muscular system. In all brain samples we took special care to dissect gray matter only. The quadratus lumborum muscle in the lower back side bends the lumbar spine and aids in the inspiration of air through its stabilizing affects at its insertion at the 12th rib (the last of the floating ribs). But how do ), and the lineage connecting the common ancestor of humans, chimpanzees, and macaques with mice (mouse). In humans, muscle tissue is known to have variable fiber-type composition, reflecting differences in individuals' physiology and physical activity [19]. Columns represent metabolites showing species-specific concentration profiles in PFC; rows represent KEGG pathways enriched in the respective metabolites. Genes showing differences in expression level in a particular species tissue compared with all other species in the same tissue, within the upper or lower 5% quintile of the difference distribution, were classified as species-specific in a given tissue. The sternocleidomastoid muscles are involved in cervical side bending. The studies were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use ethics committee of the Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences. For instance, evolution of a large brain in humans, which consumes 20% of the total body energy at rest, has been suggested to involve changes in energy distribution among tissues, as well as adaptation to a nutrition-rich diet [4],[5]. In brief, 50 mg of frozen powdered tissue material was re-suspended in 1 ml extraction solution containing 0.5 g of corticosterone, 1.5 g of 1,2-diheptadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Avanti Polar Lipids, 850360P), 0.5 g of 13C sorbitol and 0.25 g of ampicillin. All mouse individuals were from the C57/BL6 strain with no genetic modifications. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The various forms of dystonia Silhouette value was used to choose the best clustering. The coloring of the profiles corresponds to the coloring in Figure 2a. In total, metabolite measurements were performed in 365 tissue samples. Follow. Prolonged training is known to increase human strength [16], therefore the tested humans included 16 individuals engaged in regular physical activities, among them five university team basketball players and four professional climbers. peak level 3,000 AU in 50% of samples of samples of any particular species and tissue. Wrote the paper: PK KB. The Human Contract (DVD, 2009) 43396305083 | eBay As humans age, their muscles become weaker, making it increasingly harder for them to move, a condition known as sarcopenia. Macaque monkeys, prior to the muscle tests, were housed in spacious enclosures of approximately 120 m3. Current Anthropology. Extraordinary Humans Documentaries medicine disease health medicine Favorite trailer magnet YEAR: 2010 | LENGTH: 4 parts ( 46 minutes each ) | SOURCE: NATGEO description: National Geographic explores the science behind bones, blood, muscles, and skin. The transcripts used in principle component calculation were detected in at least one tissue of one species above the 5% quintile of all detected transcripts. Accelerated changes in metabolite concentrations in brain and skeletal muscle on the human evolutionary lineage may, therefore, represent some of the molecular underpinnings of this evolutionary process. Muscle strength measurements in humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques. Discover the location and role of skeletal muscles in the human body. GC-MS peaks were extracted and annotated using msPeak (Steinhauser et al., unpublished). "Extraordinary Humans" The Science of Skin (TV Episode 2010) - IMDb In order to register the maximal pulling force, the electronic scale was continuously filmed by a camera placed on the moving shelf. Yes Here we use RNAseq to profile mRNA expression in skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissues from mice and rats. After second-strand synthesis, the ends of the double-stranded complementary DNA were repaired. internal standards; KEGG, Muscular System. In the analysis of clusters and cluster pathways, the metabolites were sampled from all metabolites belonging to clusters with concentration profiles specific to a tissue different from the tissue of the tested cluster. EXTRAORDINARY HUMANS: MUSCLES Video Questions - Teachers Pay Teachers While this is true for tissues assessed in our studybrain regions, kidney, and musclethis observation might not apply to tissues closely interacting with the environment, such as liver and blood. Pathways not containing enzymes with matching expression profile are indicated by lighter shades of red and blue. Watch Human Body Collection Season 1 Episode 8 - Extraordinary - Yidio The various muscle groups work in a coordinated fashion to control the movements of the human body. Colors show higher (red) and lower (blue) species-specific concentration levels. The plots show 120 tissue samples from the four species, six samples per species per tissue, selected among all samples used in metabolite measurements. Grouping of species-specific metabolites and KEGG pathways in PFC. Nonetheless, our results indicate the existence of systematic differences in muscle performance between humans and nonhuman primates. The engagement ring hasnt always been what it is today. Excess of human-specific metabolite concentration divergence at different significance cutoffs.